Ask the Pilot: Top 5 Reasons for Lost Baggage

You are standing at the baggage claim waiting for your bag, every other passenger has walked away and the belt has stopped, but you’re bag hasn’t arrived. After a few minutes of waiting you walk over to your airline’s baggage services desk and complain that your bag has not arrived. They ask to see your baggage identification stub and record the information about the type of bag, color, and where you can be reached. They ensure you that as soon as it arrives it will be delivered to you. Little consolation when you have a business meeting, wedding, or as in my case, two months of Officer Candidate School waiting for you that very day. 

So how do these bags get lost in the airline abyss for hours or even days? 

 

Reason #1: Either you checked in too late or had too close of a connecting flight.I know you don’t want to hear it, however, usually the culprit is a passenger who leaves the airline little time to process the bag through the TSAand sort it onto a flight or else books themselves a close connection in a city that does not allow enough time for their baggage to be transferred. In some airports such as Denver or Chicago, bags may have to travel close to a mile from the point where you checked in to the point they are loaded into the airplane. In addition, the time it takes for the TSA to screen and transfer bags to the airline may be lengthened at peak times or if there are equipment problems or something suspicious in your bag. When making a connection, your bags have to travel further than you in most cases. Bags are usually unloaded from an aircraft and taken to a central sorting facility where they are then collected by ramp personnel for the connecting flight. So if your bags make it to the sort late, the person collecting them for your next flight may have already left to ensure the bags he has are loaded in time for an on-time departure.

 

Reason #2: Weight Restriction
Due to new weight policies enacted by the FAA, airlines have become much more limited in how much cargo they can carry. The FAA recently changed what is known as a standard passenger weight from 170 to 190 pounds. This 20 pound increase may not sound like much but when multiplied even over 50 people, that’s 1000 pounds less the airplane cannot carry in cargo. Many flights have to make the decision whether to leave passengers or leave baggage. In most cases, it’s easier and more time efficient to leave the baggage.

 

Reason #3: Smaller Airplanes
With the increased use of regional jets by airlines, the amount of baggage space available is in some cases extremely limited. This is compounded by the need to “gate check” bags that are too large for the smaller overhead bins, thus creating even more baggage in the cargo compartment. Unfortunately there is no easy way for the airlines to fix this problem due to the economics of using smaller jets, however I can say that all “gate checked” bags will make it to their final destination whereas regular checked bags may not.

 

Reason #4: Carelessness
Sometimes the ramp personnel are just plain careless. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve seen a baggage cart drive off and have a bag or two fall off only to be left behind. In most cases they are quickly collected and make it to their destination successfully, however in some cases they sit for even 15 minutes which may be too long to make it to the plane they need to be on. In other cases, ticket agents may take the wrong tag and put it on your bag, sending it to Alaska instead of Alabama. Always check the tag before giving your bag to the TSA. It should have your name, the destination and all stops in between listed.

 

Reason #5: Many Bags Look Alike
I am guilty. I have taken another person’s bag off of the carousel, and walked out onto the curb waiting for pick-up only to realize I have the wrong bag. It’s easy to do in an age when everyone has a black rollaboard suitcase. It may also be the reason you don’t have your bag at the baggage claim. This is mostly a non-malicious act of carelessness by whomever took your bag, but nonetheless frustrating. Again, double check your bag every time you go to pick it up.

 

To combat these problems, the airlines are moving towards real-time baggage tracking. United’s E-Bag system scans every bag as it leaves or enters an aircraft, and every time that it is transferred to a new portion of the airport. Using this technology they can look up your bag’s ID number and tell you where it was last scanned, as well as send an alert to the manager at that city to ensure that it is promptly processed. Many other airlines have a similar method of baggage tracking.

 

In my case the culprit was weight restriction and a 50-seat regional jet. There were 15 of us on the same flight going to the same school, each with two large Army duffel bags that just didn’t fit. They were too big to fit in the cargo hold and too heavy for the airplane to take all of them. They did arrive 36 hours later.

 

I want to hear your story about lost bags!  Was it timing, carelessness, or did someone walk away with your bag?  Let us know and leave a comment.

Why does Air Traffic Control Delay a Flight?

What exactly is an air traffic control or “flow” delay?

Airliner crosses in front of Air Traffic Control TowerEssentially an air traffic control delay is created any time that the FAA believes too many airplanes will occupy any segment of airspace that your flight may be flying through. The FAA has determined that an air traffic controller can work a certain number of flights per hour. If this number is exceeded, it starts to automatically re-route flights around that air traffic control sector until the level of airplanes reaches the controller’s ability once again. This is done either by holding the aircraft on the ground or in the air until the situation solves itself.

In addition, air traffic control delays are common at some of the country’s busiest airports where air traffic volume is continuously high. For example, Chicago-O’hare is arguably the busiest airport in the world measured by operations (takeoffs and landings). It frequently encounters periods of time where more airplanes are inbound to land from across the country than the airport can handle due to the number of runways and amount of airspace available. During these times, the FAA issues a ground stop for all airplanes inbound to O’hare which requires the airplanes to hold on the ground at their origin until a time exists where they can be fit into the traffic sequence. These delays run from a half hour or so all the way up to eight or more hours depending on the severity of the resource limitation.

The final reason for air traffic control delays is weather. When large thunderstorms build across the nation, air traffic must be routed around them both for passenger comfort and safety. Most large thunderstorms build to anywhere from 40,000 to 55,000 feet tall. The average commercial airliner can cruise no higher than 38-40,000 feet which limits the ability to fly over the top of the storm. These storms then create narrower corridors in which to flow the same number of aircraft across the country which means higher workloads for the controllers in those corridors. Ground holds or holding in the air may be issued so that enough space exists between airliners in the sky.

Questions or comments? Have an air traffic control delay experience to share? Please do so below…

“We have a runner!”

Runner (n.) – Term used by airline personnel to identify a person running to a departure gate in an attempt to make a flight that has already departed.

Missed your flight?It seems like everyday someone asks if the flight they are connecting to will be held for them. Missed connections are becoming more and more common with the increase in airline delays. However, just because the airline knows you are going to be late, and they do know, doesn’t mean they will hold the flight for you.

With sophisticated computer systems, the airlines always know when a passenger will not make their connection. They can see exactly where you are coming in from, what gate you are going to, and how late you will be. If you are going to be any more than possibly 5 or so minutes late, they will most likely leave without you. This is because of the cascade effect that delays have on the airline. If the next flight you are supposed to get on is delayed 30 minutes for you, that means that airplane arrives 30 minutes late at every destination throughout the day.In addition, passenger connections are considered a “controllable” delay. This means that the airline consciously delayed the flight and the delay was not outside of their control. Controllable delays are recorded differently when it comes time to report them to the government, thus impacting their official on-time status.

So next time you are going to be late, the question should be how to get to your destination the fastest if you don’t make your connection. Chances are you will already be rebooked by the airline even before you touch the ground.

Ask the Pilot: Airline Rank Structure

You hear it every flight, the introduction of the Captain and First Officer of your flight, but did you ever stop to ask, “What’s the rank all about?”

The captain of an airplane is what the FAA calls the Pilot-In-Command. They are the pilot responsible for everything that occurs onboard their airplane during flight. This includes all paperwork, safety-of-flight issues, customer service, and crew member issues. The captain is quite literally the final authority on everything that happens.

The first officer is directly responsible to the captain and is there to both assist the captain with his duties and to assist in flying the aircraft. Just like the captain, the first officer is a fully trained and certified pilot on that aircraft. He/She is responsible for any tasks delegated to them by the captain. These tasks usually involve pre-flight and post-flight inspections of the airplane, weight & balance and performance calculations, and running aircraft checklists. Unless rare circumstances exist, all pilots are hired by an airline as a first officer. It is the entry-level airline position and is designed as an experience builder.

The origin of the 4-stripe captain rank and the 3-stripe first officer rank comes from the Navy. In the early years of air travel, pilots were given this rank system to help differentiate them to passengers and crew. As the pilots have become less and less visible in recent years due to security regulations, the insignia have become slightly less important to passengers.During normal operations, the captain and first officer switch off flying the airplane each flight. When in the air, the designation changes in the flight deck to “Pilot Flying” and “Pilot-Not-Flying”. Either pilot may assume either role. The pilot flying will be in control of the airplane from takeoff to touchdown, and the pilot-not-flying will assume the duties of monitoring the radios and assisting the pilot flying.

For most airlines it takes about 6-10 years for a first officer to accrue enough seniority within the company to upgrade from first officer to captain. By that time the first officer has acquired enough flight time and experience in that aircraft to be competent and safe a captain.

The Future of Regional Feed

Recent headlines throughout the aviation industry have made it clear that Legacy carriers in the United States are making an effort to cut the amount of smaller, regional partners flying for them.  These partners often provide service from smaller cities that are not economical for larger aircraft to serve.  With cuts being made, we investigate why mainline carriers require feed, how they use feed, and why long term success will depend on a drastic shift in how regional airlines operate.

Prior to deregulation, government subsidies allow large airlines to serve small cities throughout the country.  It was not uncommon for very small cities to see very large airliners with an excess of capacity.  This service continued through the early 1980s when it became apparent that it was more economical for mainline air carriers to contract with smaller, cheaper airlines to server these markets with smaller aircraft.

Sun Aire Lines Timetable - c.a. 1978

Sun Aire Lines Timetable - c.a. 1978

While most of these smaller “regional” airlines started just after deregulation, it took 10 years before they truly came of age, providing services for their larger partners.  The normal size aircraft for a regional carrier at this time was a 19-30 seat turboprop.  Rapid expansion meant more and more routes were being flown by small aircraft.  To ensure that smaller cities would continue to be served, regional carriers began to negotiate “fee for departure” based contracts.

Fee for departure contracts set a base fee that mainline carriers pay each regional carrier for each flight.  These fees are based on the total cost for the regional airline to fly the flight, and include a set profit margin.  These contracts include all costs from fuel to maintenance, gate space to landing fees.  Overall these contracts can greatly help mainline carriers by creating a set cost of operation that is far less than flying a larger aircraft to the destination.

In addition to creating set costs for the major airlines, these contracts also allow for mainline airlines to negotiate for the best rates.  Quite often 5 or more airlines will bid for a small set of flying, allowing the larger airline to choose the best cost and efficiency for its operation.

Unfortunately, these contracts also lock in major airlines at set costs, regardless of the actual operating costs and overall economy.  In recent years the upward trend in the cost of fuel has made many of these contracts extremely expensive.

To continue to operate and grow, mainline carriers have started to look at ways to avoid fee for departure contracts.  Within the last few years, two operating models have emerged.  The first is “Pay to Play” and the second is a codeshare model based around the Star Alliance, Sky Team, and other codeshare alliance models.

Air Wisconsin CRJ 200Pay to Play is a system where smaller airlines, who have significant cash reserves, invest in mainline partners to provide operating capital.  In exchange, the mainline partner guarantees a certain level of fee for departure based contracts.  This model is popular since it gives an immediate cash advantage to the mainline partner, however it does create a long term liability.  Air Wisconsin airlines made one of the largest pay to play moves by investing enough in US Airways to secure a seat on the board of directors.  SkyWest Airlines also made a major pay to play move with Delta by purchasing their Atlantic Southeast Airlines subsidiary for over $400 million and years of bankruptcy proof contracts.

The second model to come about, and arguably the sustainable future is codeshare agreements.  Using codeshare agreements, regional operators would run their own schedules, flights, and operations.  Current mainline airlines would codeshare to sell seats on the codeshare airlines and therefore expand their route network domestically the same way they do internationally through alliances in other parts of the world.  Although risky for the regional airlines, this model ultimately proves beneficial by offering Atlantic Southeast Airlines CRJ 700the ability to gain higher yields through operating efficiencies, and the ability to operate as successful brands.  Mainline carriers would be relieved of providing guaranteed profits to their partners and would be able to focus on building their long haul and international routes which are more profitable.  Additionally, they would no longer have to manage a domestic system.

Regardless of where the industry goes, it is essential that some change be made to stabilize all levels.  One level of airline cannot survive without the other.

Delta and Japan Airlines Tieup?

According to the infamous “unnamed source”, Delta and Japan Airlines are set to enter a codeshare agreement that would give Delta expanded access to Asia through Japan Airlines’ network.  Delta is a major player in the US-Japan market with its purchase of Northwest, however this agreement will allow a broader range of flights throughout Asia.

Although this agreement could mean more ticket sales for each airlines, it remains to be seen how much of an overall effect this would have on either carrier’s bottom line.  Business travelers to China can already fly direct on many major US airlines, the same can be said for Japan, Malaysia, Australia, India, and most other major Asian economies. 

Both airlines are in a restructuring process, with Japan Airlines losing over $1 billion USD, and Delta attempting to merge operations into the largest airline in the world.  This move could allow reduced costs for both carriers by limiting the amount of flying Northwest (Delta) needs to do in Asia, and increasing both US to Japan and Japan to the Asian interior for Japan Airlines.

Full article: http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.aspx?feed=OBR&date=20090911&id=10383866

The Frontier Debacle

Anyone following airline news the last 2 months knows of the saga that was Frontier’s purchase by Republic Air Holdings.  It seems as if it was a nailbiter, would they get it, would Southwest beat them out?  All of this over an airline that hasn’t made a whole lot of money, or sense for a long time.

First, the money aspect.  Sure, Frontier just got approval to exit bankruptcy and has been “making money” for several quarters.  This seems to be a big turnaround from even a year ago when furloughs were coming, and some employees were predicting the airline wouldn’t even make it through the Summer of 2008. Furloughs followed, airplanes were sold, and the outlook wasn’t too rosy for Denver’s hometown airline.  During this time they took a substantial equity investment by Republic Air Holdings to ensure they would survive the next few quarters.

Fast forward to Summer 2009.  Frontier has been eeking out modest profits, however it is unable to exit bankruptcy on its own and is facing the end of the road.  Again, enter RAH.  RAH realizes that unless it does something major it is going to lose the millions invested in Frontier, much like it stood to lose the millions that it sank into Midwest Airlines during it’s fiscal troubles.  With Midwest Airlines, RAH realized it was much more profitable to purchase the company, lay off the employees and sell the assets to regain its investment.  Exactly what it is in the process of doing now.

Frontier proved to be a little thornier once Southwest entered the game.  Southwest was after gates, routes, and Denver marketshare.  It had nothing lose by losing, and a lot to gain by winning.  It’s strategy was hardball, its way or the high way.  Given the excellent financial position of Southwest and the prospects of expansion, it was in an excellent position to make the offer and set the terms that it did.  However, the president of Frontier’s pilot’s association disagreed and ended the deal.

This gave Republic the winning bid by default. 

Frontier is now the airline Southwest couldn’t get and Republic got stuck with.

I say Republic got stuck with Frontier because it is really an operation over the head of Republic’s operations.  Republic in its current contracts does not pay for its own ticketing, gates, or fuel, and it guaranteed and operational profit by its partners.  Sure they can use Frontier’s management team to lead the Frontier operation, but what happens when they come out of bankruptcy and have to pay all of their debts and bills again?

Frontier is already on its second try as an airline.  It operated in the 80′s, went bust, and was resurrected again a few years later by a new team.  Frontier doesn’t offer anything it’s competitors don’t.  It makes you pay outrageous prices for on board entertainment, sells mediocre snacks, and offers meals for sale on flights I have yet to ever ride on.  Even Frontier’s prices aren’t all that competitve with its Denver rivals.  It can’t match the route structure of United, nor can it match the efficiencies of Southwest.  What can it do?  Paint cute animals on the tail.

Is Republic willing to start sinking all of its profits into an ailing subsidiery?  Does it even make sense for Republic to operate Frontier?  What happens to the lucrative guaranteed profit contracts from airlines it now directly competes with?

Frontier’s work group certainly is not happy to be bought by a relatively unproven company, in uncertain economic times.  They are not going to be willing to give the concessions necessary to make Republic happy, nor are they going to provide excellent service while looking layoffs in the face.

For now Republic says they will operate Frontier as its own entity.  In reality they are using them to mop up the pieces of a dead Midwest Airlines, figuring out how to pay pilots twice as much as they have in the past, and trying to put lipstick on their new pig.

Unfortunate, yes.  I wish everyone at Frontier the best.  The people were always the friendliest around.

Southwest Adds DEN Flights

Southwest is adding 3 new non-stop destinations out of Denver.  Boston, Spokane, and Reno are the lucky recipients of new direct service to the Mile High City.

My question is why?  Southwest has horrible load factors out of Denver.  Many reliable sources have told me loads are way less than 50% going westbound out of Denver and not much better going East.  My own experience has shown this, with many flights to LAS, PHX, SLC and others being far less than half full. 

So is Southwest on to something here, or are they trying to save a sinking ship.? With the failed Frontier purchase and still heavy competition in Denver it seems like they are taking a beating for the number of flights being added.  Southwest’s image in DEN could use a little bit of work too.   After many years as community supporters, almost everyone knows Frontier and United, and knows someone who works for them. 

It seems Southwest has a lot of work to do in DEN before it will become the dominant low-cost carrier it envisions there.

What do you think?  Have you flown Southwest out of Denver lately?

 

Full article: http://www.smartertravel.com/blogs/today-in-travel/southwest-adds-new-service-from-denver.html?id=3592866

Aero Weather iPhone App

With all of the recent deals AT&T has been offering, the number of pilots with iPhones is growing.  After the debacle of Apple showing a “real” airline pilot questioning his dispatcher when the first iPhone was released, pilots have now settled into the idea that the iPhone may be a good weather asset.

With these new iPhone users the top questions are always: ”What Apps do you have?” followed by “Is there any good way to look at weather?”. 

Weather apps for those of us in the cockpit don’t get any better than Aero Weather. It’s free, displays both the METAR and TAF (if available) for any airport I have ever plugged into it, and it’s very easy to use.  Weather is displayed in unencoded format so it’s easy to read as you’re running from gate to gate.

The only thing missing from AeroWeather is the ability to look at radar.  Thankfully, a company called iWeathr has come up with a solution.

Just navigate to www.iweathr.com from your iPhone Safari Browser and you will be presented with an easy array of weather information including maps, radar, local weather and forecasts, lighting strike information, and even local webcams.

I highly recommend both of these apps for any pilot, commercial or not.  It’s great information that you can use even when not near any weather briefing computer. 

AeroWeather can be found at www.aeroweather.ch

iWeather can be found at www.iweathr.com

Be sure to show your support and donate to the developers if you like their work!

The Painful Merger Lesson

A little over 3 1/2 years ago two large airlines, US Airways and America West, merged to create the new US Airways.  Since then planes have been repainted, counters rebranded, and operations merged on the surface.  However, once you start looking further the story changes.

Earlier this year a disgruntled US Airways “East” (original US Air) pilot group voted for and got new representation under the US Air Pilots Association, freeing itself from the Airline Pilot’s Association (ALPA). This move was made after an arbitrator responsible for merging the two pilot group’s seniority lists made a decision that arguably hurt the seniority of many US Airways pilots.  Since this move there have been lawsuits filed and threats made between the two former pilot groups, US Airways and America West.  It is so bad that neither will legitimately recognize the other as being part of the company.

In addition to these struggles, many former America West customer service personnel have had a tough time changing to the US Airways name and brand.  The America West brand, one they worked hard to make successful, is their identity and change is not easy.  Old US Airways customer service personnel are also facing tough times as hubs are closed or reduced and jobs are being lost on the East Coast due to the new West influence.

With all of these problems still showing up 3 1/2 years later, how will Delta manage to get Northwest successfully into the fold?

The first and most important step is that the pilot groups have been talking throughout the entire process, already reaching and voting on a mutually beneficial labor agreement.  Second, Delta has started to adopt many of Northwest’s policies, fees, and culture so that the changeover for Northwest personnel will be less painful.  Flight attendant’s are already gearing up for standardized uniforms even as the two airlines operate independently.

It seems that thankfully the lessons of the still mangled US Airways merger are being learned and adapted.  Hopefully future mergers will take this “people first” approach and realize if the employees aren’t on-board, you may find fewer and fewer passengers on-board.